With the collaboration of Yanael de Medeiros
O Brazil is the world's third largest solar energy market, behind only China and the United States. The data is from the report “Global Market Outlook For Solar Power 2024 – 2028” da Solar Power Europe.
In the country, the use of photovoltaic solar energy corresponds to more than 20% of the electrical matrix, according to the infographic ABSOLAR (Brazilian Photovoltaic Solar Energy Association).
Until October 1st, the matrix expanded by adding 7,8 GW ao SIN (National Interconnected System) with 84,74% coming from renewable sources, according to data from SIGA (Power Generation Information System) ANEEL).
In terms of resources, since 2012, the solar sector has been responsible for the creation of more than 500 thousand direct and indirect jobs. The accumulation of investments since the beginning of its expansion it has exceeded $ 120 billion across DG (Distributed Generation) e GC (Centralized Generation).
This year alone, the solar system has already avoided the issuance of about 30 million tons of CO2 that would be emitted by fossil energy sources and the collection for public coffers is estimated at about $ 30 billion between ICMS (Tax on Circulation of Goods and Services), PIS/COFINS, IPI (Tax on Industrialized Products), ISS (Tax on Services), Social Contributions and Sectoral Charges.
What path did you have to take to get here?
To reach this ever-expanding market that we know, the The first resource for solar energy as we know it today appeared in 1954 on Russell Shoemaker Ohl creating the first photovoltaic cell.
Russell invented the first silicon wafer; Calvin Fuller was the chemist who developed the silicon doping process; Gerald Pearson stabilized silicon wafers from chemical reactions produced by the contact of a PN junction or diode with wafers dipped in lithium; and Daryl Chapin sought an alternative energy source for the batteries used in remote telephone networks.
Em 1955, silicon cells were used for the first time time as a power source for a telephone network in Georgia, United States. The use of photovoltaic panels took place in 1958 with 1W panel attached to the Vanguard I satellite, which was sent into space, to power its radio on the trip.
First steps of solar in Brazil
O first photovoltaic system in Brazil was installed on Central Campus of UFSC (Federal University of Santa Catarina) em 1997. The project was brought by the teacher Ricardo Ruther, mounted with a 2 KW inverter e 78 photovoltaic modules de 32 W.
Em 2011 was installed The country's first solar plant in Tauá (CE), with almost 5 thousand photovoltaic panels in about 350 km. The plant generated 1 MW making this region the first to produce photovoltaic energy on a commercial scale.
However, the development of solar energy in Brazil began in 2012, when it became a viable option for consumers to generate their own energy. This year, creation of Resolution 482 by ANEEL (National Electric Energy Agency), contributed to this advancement.
To Bernardo Marangon, director of Prime Energy and professor at Canal Solar, the Resolution was the GD's starting point in Brazil. “Without it, it would be impossible to inject energy into the electrical grid in a regulated manner, which made the development of the sector possible and encouraged the adoption of decentralized renewable sources, such as solar,” he comments.
Em 2014, there was the first contracting of centralized public generation solar energy according to MME (Ministry of Mines and Energy).
To 2015, there was the creation of ProGD (Distributed Generation Development Program) to stimulate the development of distributed generation of renewable energy.
Already in 2017, solar energy won more space at auctions, and large solar power plant projects began to be implemented, especially in the Northeast and Southeast regions. Brazil surpasses the 1 GW mark of installed solar capacity.
Em 2019, Brazil reaches 2 GW milestone of installed capacity and enters the ranking of 10 largest solar energy markets in the world.
In the year of 2022, the new one was approved Distributed Generation Legal Framework, which brought clearer rules e greater legal certainty for investors. The framework defined the energy compensation model and began to gradually charge for the use of the electricity grid for distributed generation systems.
“After a turbulent process with the ANEEL, which proposed a very restrictive compensation, the issue reached Congress. The approval of this milestone was essential to guarantee the continuity and expansion of GD in Brazil,” he adds. Maragon.
2023 was the year of solar energy records in the country, reaching 26 GW of installed capacity and consolidating itself as the third largest market in the world.
Future prospects for solar energy
To Bernardo Marangon main Featured for the year 2024 it's airregulation on the flow reversal, “in my view, will boost the use of batteries. This regulation is essential for the proper functioning of the electricity grid and to guarantee the stability of distributed generation”, he explains.
With several milestones already achieved, Brazil now has even greater prospects for leading the energy transition in the world. By 2030, projections indicate that 50 GW of installed capacity will be exceeded both in GD and GC.
The integration of systems battery storage It is also a future perspective that will allow stability in the energy supply, becoming an essential part of the sector in the coming years.
In addition to other itechnological innovations , the more efficient solar panels, smart inverters, floating solar plants and other solutions that seek reduce costs and increase efficiency.
“The DG sector will face serious challenges if batteries are not rapidly introduced, either centrally or in a distributed manner. We are already seeing similar problems in DC, with generation being reduced due to a lack of transmission capacity. Agile implementation of storage solutions is vital for the sustainability of the sector”, concludes the professor.
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