Os commissioning tests on photovoltaic systems They are basically divided into two categories: category 1 (cold) and category 2 (hot), that is, before and after the plant is energized. They are recommended not only for large power plants, but for all types of photovoltaic generation.
Although there are no regulations regarding the regularity of tests, in order to guarantee satisfactory operating conditions, longevity of the plant and safety, it is recommended to carry out periodic tests, aiming to know the operational status of the enterprise.
Figure 1 presents a test of IV curve carried out by CS Consultoria e Serviços in a minigeneration photovoltaic plant.
Within the tests classified as category 2, there is the Curve IV test, which is a test provided for in NBR 16274: Grid-connected photovoltaic systems – Minimum requirements for documentation, commissioning tests, inspection and performance assessment.
This test is presented in Figure 1 and can be carried out with equipment commonly known in the solar sector as an IV curve tracer.
The IV curve test is one of the best ways to identify anomalies that cannot be easily detected in photovoltaic plants and are directly linked to the plant's efficiency.
Furthermore, the test provides information regarding open circuit voltage values (You), short circuit current (isc), maximum power current (Imp) and maximum power voltage (vmp).
Some equipment can now directly provide other electrical parameters such as: Performance factor, Maximum Power, Fill Factor and others. But these are variables that can be calculated based on the basic parameters measured by IV curve devices.
For context, the short-circuit current (isc) is the maximum electrical current that the module can supply. The open circuit voltage (You) is the maximum voltage that the module presents at its terminals when the series or module circuit is open.
The maximum power current (Imp) is the current that the module provides when operating at its maximum power point. The maximum power voltage (vmp) is the voltage that the module or string presents when operating at its maximum power point. These electrical parameters are crucial for evaluating the performance and efficiency of a photovoltaic plant.
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